importantly--had an 83% greater reduction in waist circumference. There were no signi cant di erences between the plasma total-, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels of di erences between the plasma total-, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels of either group. Egg yolks also provide choline, which helps protect the liver and increases fat-loss as compared to a control. Choline metabolizes into betaine and o ers methyl groups for methylation processes. Steven Zeisel from the University of North CarolinaChapel Hill explains: "Exposure to oxidative stress is a potent trigger for in ammation. Betaine is formed from choline within the mitochondria, and this oxidation contributes to mitochondrial redox status." Guess what another primary source of betaine is? Spinach. This is where credit is due: Popeye got it right. Spinach is incredible for body recomposition.
Nine pathways involved in required for arginine catabolism in L. sakei osmoprotection, which contribute to the are organized in a cluster (Zúríga et al. 2002), accumulation of biocompatible solutes in the and their transcription is repressed by glucose cytoplasm, are present in S. carnous TM300. and induced by arginine. Arginine, in par- These include four proline transport systems; ticular, is an essential amino acid for L. sakei three glycine betaine transporters; one multi- and specifically promotes its growth in meat; component transporter for choline, glycine it is used as an energy source in the absence betaine, and carnitine; and one system for the of glucose (Champomier-Verges et al. 1999). choline uptake (Rosenstein et al. 2009). The concentration of free arginine in raw meat is low, although it is relatively abundant Acid Production in muscle myofibrillar proteins
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