51,000 Js, Bukharins, now 95,000 in 1959. Same growth in almost every SU area of Central Asia and Caucasus, doubling local pop. Who are these? Skilled workers, accountants, doctors. Continued in this trajectory in Tashkent. In contrast, Sephardi Js less educated, menial labor, shop keepers. 2 J communities, distinct ethnically, denominationally, class (esp), basic identity. See selves as SU Js. Bukharin, Georgian, mtn Js see themselves as Js; conn to SU regime is looser, haven't benefitted from SU authority. Live in diff parts of city or outside of it. Almost no contact, no friction. Ashkenazis, like going to zoo to see Bukharin Js. Bukharins see as uppity, not going to marry. Effect Js cease to be factor in policy decisions. Js had been near other Euro powers. Not as important. Important for policy from 45 onwards in terms of domestic needs. Extremely critical 1990s. Changed demo landscape Caucasus, Far East, Central Asia. Not just Js relocated to these areas
(Stenning & Taylor, 2005). MKA did localized 3D modeling to analyze critical structural conditions, but they did not develop a BIM model of the entire building. They used Microstation for 2D drafting, Triforma for 3D modeling and SAP2000 for structural analysis (Appendix C). 35 Fire safety proved to be another design aspect that benefitted from the use of computer aided tools. The building is fully sprinklered, but smoke control for large open spaces proved to be a challenge. The code called for 800,000 cfm (378 m3/s) of exhaust, which would have been costly, requiring many louvers for makeup air. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for smoke flow was created by the San Francisco office of fire protection engineer Arup Fire. That model was used to convince officials that only 275,000 cfm (130 m3/s) was needed
In most common reinforced concrete structures, building elements such as beams, columns and foundations are sufficiently standard in shape and reinforcement details to allow the use of parametric objects and rebar layouts that greatly accelerate modeling; bridge elements have unique geometries due to curvatures, which often require that they, and their reinforcement layouts, be 'custom' modeled. Nevertheless, although the modelling effort was carried by WPS, all project participants benefitted from it. WPS were required to produce rebar detail drawings in any event, as this was still a contractual obligation imposed by the client (for archival purposes and for the use of rebar installers in the field), and the drawings were produced directly from the model. Many spatial conflicts between reinforcement and other structures were prevented at an early stage by using clash detection, and model information was used to drive the rebar bending and cutting machinery.
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