beginning of the Livonian War. At the end of the XIV and the beginning of the XV century the castle was surrounded by a new mighty 625 m long and 7 m high belt of walls, erected around the old belt of walls dating from the XIII century. The necessity to improve the defence of the castle was due to the invention and usage of firearms. The old parts of the walls have been preserved in the new earthwork and bastions even today. In the middle of the XV century the wall was made higher and cannon towers were built. The most powerful was the Cannon Tower on the Northern Bastion from about 1470, restored in 1971-72. In 1559 Bishop Johannes V Münchhausen sold his property in Saaremaa (Oesel) and Kurland to the Danes. The Danes modernized the defence systems of the castle. The work began in about 1600 and lasted till 1640. Using the old belt of walls, they erected a mighty
Dear Chris, I'm sorry I didin't write to you sooner, but we've been really busy. Hungary is the place where I went recently. I went to Hungary in last summer. I came in Hungary with my family. We were there 8days. I packed my suitcase and made a list of things to take. Also I looked for information about the place. These were my preparations for the trip. I remember about the trip that we travelled by ship in the Danube and we swam in thermal bath. I was sunbathing too, but very few because the weather was quite cloudy. I did a lot of pictures. I want to show them to you, when you come visit me. The souvenirs I bought were two or three necklaces and bracelet. For my granny I bought a wine from wine plantation and a marzipan figure from the marzipan museum. I don't remember all the sights I saw in Hungary anymore, but the interesting places were Hungary are old bastions, castle and also thermal baths in Budabest.
in the Baltic States. Tartu is a modern city with a rich historical heritage and culture. One of Tartu ´s most important historical monuments is the St. John´s Church with it´s thousand terracotta sculptures. Narva As In the past, Narva remains a melting pot for nations, periods and cultures, old and new. This is what makes the town so special. The 13th century castle, a beautiful baroque Town Hall, the best preserved system of historic defence building (bastions) in Europe, Krenholm textile plant (once Europe's largest, and an excellent example of British industrial architecture), waterfalls, and much, much more. Ivar Vipper, 9c
Big sister's suite Middle sister's suite Junior suite The hotel has 5 stars and is very expensive. The Fat Margaret The Fat Margaret was built on the site of the eastern tower in the outer gate of the Great Coast Gate at the beginning of the 16th century to protect entrance to the town. Its walls are over 4 meters thick at the base and its flat roof is 24 meters in diameter. It is one of only two surviving bastions of medieval Tallinn. Nowadays the tower of Fat Margaret houses the Estonian Seafaring Museum. The Great Coast Gate It was one of six gates in the town wall in the Middle Ages. The Great Coast Gate was built in 14th century in the north side of the town on the Long Street to protect Tallinn. Before demolishing in the 18th century it was 4-storied and 14.4m high. Fat Margaret and The Great Coast Gate are connected to each other.
Several of the medieval buildings house museums: Epping Tower has a collection of medieval arms and armor, the 15th-century Great Guild Hall houses the Estonian History Museum, a 14th century merchant’s mansion is home to the Tallinn City Museum, and Fat Margaret’s cannon tower from 1530 is now the Maritime Museum. One of the most popular attractions is Kiek en de Kök, an imposing tower on the slopes of Toompea Hill. Its basement connects with a network of tunnels beneath the bastions. In conclusion Old Tallinn is definitely very interesting place to visit.
Estonian Open Air Museum near Rocca al Mare, west of the city, showes aspects of Estonian culture and architecture Toompea. This area was once a separate town (Dom zu Reval), the residence of the Chivalry of Estonia, Roman Catholic bishops of Tallinn (until 1561) and Lutheran superintendents of Estonia, occupying an easily defensible site overlooking the surrounding districts. The major attractions are the walls and various bastions of Castrum Danorum, the Russian Orthodox Alexandr Nevsky Cathedral (built during the period of Russian Empire, the church was built on a site that formerly housed a statue of Martin Luther) and the Lutheran Cathedral. Kadriorg is 2 kilometres east of the centre and is served by buses and trams. The former palace of Peter the Great, built just after the Great Northern War, now houses (part of) the Art Museum
centuries and an exhibit on crime and punishment in old Tallinn. The name of this massive, 38m-high cannon tower literally means "Peek into the Kitchen." It was so high that Medieval guards joked they could see right down the chimneys and into the kitchens of the houses below. Kiek in de Kök is also the starting place for visitors interested in the fascinating system of hidden tunnels (Bastion tunnels) that run underneath the old bastions of Toompea hill. Make sure to pay a visit to the top floor café for beautiful Old Town views. Kiek in de Kök was originally built in the 1470s, but quickly expanded and strengthened, now the walls are four metres thick. The investment paid off: During the Livonian war in the late 1500s, Ivan the Terrible's forces managed to blow a huge hole through the top storey, but the tower held. During post-war repairs, a row of four cannon balls was placed in the newly
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