speed) a vowel is next longest in a syllable closed with a voiced consonant and in two-syllable words (seed, speedy) a vowel is shortest in a syllable closed with an unvoiced consonant and in words with more than two syllables (seat; speedily). Stop Consonants (Plosives). A stop (or plosive) - is a consonant articulation which stops the airflow in the vocal tract completely, the air cannot escape through the mouth. When the articulators come apart, the airstream will be released in a small burst of sound. Aspiration a period of voicelessness after the release of an articulation, e.g. pie [paý] NB! K, p, t are unvoiced/aspirated consonants and g, b, d are unaspirated/voiced consonants. These unvoiced stops are completely unaspirated (spy, sty, sky), because stop is immediately following word-initial s. Fricatives, Affricates, Nasals. Fricatives - narrowing the distance between two articulators so that the airstream is
Alveolar- the stop is made by the tongue touching the alveolar ridge Velar – the stop is made with the velum aka soft palate Fortis – aspirated consonants Lenis – not aspirated Plosives of English: Bilabial Alveolar Velar Fortis p t k Lenis b d g Fricatives are produced by narrowing the distance between 2 articulators to produce a turbulent airflow. Continuant consonants can be produced until all the air is out of the lungs – s, m, n etc. Fricatives on English: Labiodental Dental Alveolar Post- Glottal alveolar Fortis f s Lenis v z Affricates are sounds that start with a plosive and end with a fricative – both
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