invasion itself. Importance of the Norman Conquest: 1) Norman influence to Anglo Saxon culture 2) New buildings and fortification of England 3) French influences to the English language. French as the language of the ruling classes for nearly 300 years. 4) Adoption of the European feudalism. King the most powerful man in the country; Barons and lords king's closest advisors and friends, members of aristrocracy, had absolute power in their territories; Knights, merchants and yeoman the middle classes, could own small pieces of land; Villens and serfs did not own land and worked for the aristocracy slaves no land, owned by the lords and used as they wished. 5) 1086 Domesday Book to improve taxation 6) Reforms the legal system : The Common Law 7) 1215 a first government is assigned 8
The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory. The Civil War led to the execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with first, the Commonwealth of England and then with a Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. *The Cavaliers (In Italian: knights) They were long-haired members of the loyalist country gentry who fought for the King Charles I and later supported the Tory party. They came from among the old aristrocracy in the North and West, country squires, cathedral and small towns. They were all Roman Catholics and theire headquarters was at Oxford. Their cavalry was under the leadership of Prince Rupert. He was Charles's 22-year-old nephew of some military experience. *The Roundheads Theire name comes from the closely cropped hair of the followers of the Parliamentary party. They came from among the newly rich in the East and London, the
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