The result of this is that different writers produce different analyses of the phonemic system of English. It is possible to treat each of the pair t, d as a single consonant phoneme - the one-phoneme analysis, and it is also possible to say that they are composed of two phonemes each - either t plus or d plus - all of which are already established as independent phonemes of English - the two- phoneme analysis. There are also problems in how to analyse - as a phoneme or allophone, and many others. The second area of difficulty can be called the problem of assignment. There may be found many cases where it is difficult to assign a particular speech sound to a particular phoneme. We use the term neutralisation for cases where contrasts between phonemes which exist in other places in the language disappear in particular contexts. A clearer case of neutralisation can be found in the case of plosives following s in syllable-initial position
New Brunswick, Yukon (and some other provinces) English and French. The Northwest Territories 11 languages: Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tlch. Nunavut - Inuit language (Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun), English, French. Quebec French. 17. What is meant by the terms `anglophone', `francophone', `allophone', `heritage language', `distinct society', `language immersion'? Allophone is a resident (in Quebec), usually an immigrant, whose mother tongue or home language is neither English or French. Anglophones are English-speaking residents. Francophones are the French-speaking residents. Heritage language - languages that people have brought along from their old homelands. Language immersion - a method of teaching a second language in which the learners'are taught school subjects (e.g. math, social studies, science) in their second language.
1. Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed. Linguistics: the scientific study of human natural language Synchronic approach to language: Diachronic approach to language:
speech. Phones can be represented with IPA symbols (International Phonectic Alphabeth). Phonology- The subfield of linguistics that studies the structure and systematic patterning of sounds in human language. Allophone is a sound form of a phone. For example: An Estonian word palk has two possible pronunciation ways. L can be palatalised or not. Phoneme is a smallest unit in language which distinguishes meaning. With other
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