.................................................................................................. 3 Lühiülevaade raamatust .............................................................................................................. 4 Ameerika polügenism ja kraniomeetria enne Darwinit .............................................................. 5 Monogenism ja polügenism ................................................................................................... 6 Louis Agassiz (1807-1873) .................................................................................................... 6 Samuel George Morton (1799-1851) ..................................................................................... 8 Kranioloogia õitseaeg ................................................................................................................. 9 Robert Bennett Beani andmed mõhnkeha kohta .................................................................... 9
nineteenth century, just as the idea of evolution had been circulating in the eighteenth. But had the century of evolution through natural selection appeared only in outline form, it might have been many more years in winning general acceptance. The collected evidence of The Origin of Species was sufficient to persuade most biologists that this was the key that they had been looking for. Quite a few scientists held out, notably Louis Agassiz, but the younger generation of students coming into the field seem almost without exception to agree to the adopted theory. Within a few decades, evolution through natural selection was a fundamental paradigm of biological thought. The development of biology through the century since that time has not essentially altered the situation. Alot of changes have been introduced, or at least debated. Once genetics was more fully understood, it was realized that major steps in
1834 Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron esitleb termodünaamika teise seaduse formuleeringut. 1835 Kirik eemaldab Galileo teosed keelatud kirjanduse nimekirjast. 1835 Henry leiutab elektromagneetilise relee. 1835 Gaspard de Coriolis hakkab uurima liikumist pöörlevas taustsüsteemis. 1835 Samuel Morse arendab välja morsetähestiku. 1836 John Frederic Daniell leiutab esimese usaldusväärse patarei. 1837 Louis Agassiz alustab oma jäätumisalaseid uuringuid, mis tõestavad, et maal on olnud vähemalt üks jääaeg. 1838 Friedrich Bessel kasutab parallaksi, et arvutada kaugus täheni. Tulemus kuus valgusaastat ehk 56 000 000 000 000km. 1839 William Robert Grove leiutab vesiniku ja hapniku kasutava patarei. 1839 Charles Goodyear leiutab vulkaniseeritud kummi. 1840 Morse patenteerib elektritelegraafi, mis kasutab info edastamiseks morsetähestikku.
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