3% and 22.3% of the population respectively. 98.5% of Canadians speak English or French (67.5% speak English only, 13.3% speak French only, and 17.7% speak both). English and French Official Language Communities, defined by First Official Language Spoken, constitute 73.0% and 23.6% of the population respectively. Although 85% of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in Ontario, Alberta and southern Manitoba, with an Acadian population in the northern and southeastern parts of New Brunswick constituting 35% of that province's population, as well as concentrations in Southwestern Nova Scotia and on Cape Breton Island. Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec makes French the official language in Quebec, and New Brunswick is the only province to have a statement of official bilingualism in the constitution
First attempts of colonization failed. In 1604, French nobleman and a mapmaker named Samuel de Champlain established first permanent French settlement in the New World on an island. This area was called Acadia. When they moved to more sheltered harbour, the settlement was called Port Royal. By 1607, France wanted to establish a new French settlement along the St. Lawrence River. French went there and came back and in 1610, some of them returned. They were the ancestors of the French speaking Acadian people in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick today. Champlain is also known as the "Father of New France", as he picked out the location of the first French settlement along the St. Lawrence River. The settlement was called Quebec. Most of the settlers died because of the winter and although Champlain tried to get more settlers, his efforts failed. By 1663, the population of New France was still very small. The settlers were trading and not farming or making settlements
Champlain. Their first small community located in present-day New Brunswick which was called Acadia. There were really harsh climate conditions so they moved to a more sheltered harbour what is now Nova Scotia. They survived in Nova Scotia but they soon decided that their settlement was too far from the centre of fur trade and they chose to establish a new settlement along the St. Lawrence river. Some people decided to go back to Nova Scotia and they are the ancestors of the French-speaking Acadian peole today. Samuel de Champlain established to first settlement along the St. Lawrence river because of that he is known as the "Father of New France". The settlement had a good harbour and it was called Quebec. Most of the settlers died during the first winter. Samuel de Champlain realised that the colony needed more settlers to keep it alive. Unfortunately there were only 65 settlers in Quebec by 1627. By 1663 the population of New France was still quite small. Louis XIV decided
of the west coast to the arid deserts, badlands and tundra plains, the biodiversity of Canada's plants is extensive. Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. Canada offers a wide range of habitats across varied vegetation. Arctic Tundra can be found in Canada's north which leads south into boreal forests which is most typical of Canada and covers more of the country than any other type of vegetation. The Maritimes are home to the Acadian forests which are made up from spruce, for, birch, pine and maple trees. West of the Maritimes in Quebec and Ontario are the Laurentian Forests and Mountains leading into the Canadian Shield in the north and the Great Lakes in the south and west of Ontario. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta make up Canada's prairie grasslands which contain mixed grasses but are mainly covered by farmed grains. Alberta
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