successful in Cape Town but not elsewhere authoritarian features. Patronage, special deals, etc. probably reflecting distinctive political issues No real territorial parties. Co-opted groups were functional (labour, there/distinct political trajectory peasants, etc), not regional or territorial. Regional social movements Eg map on next page which Sara showed in emerged to argue for rights or interests. Zapatistas land, justice in lecture shows swing towards/away from ANC south. Human rights groups around disappearances, murders in north. Only area that went towards ANC was kwaZulu Migration and organised crime (drugs, etc) have given north a set of natal influence of Zuma as presidential interests distinct from the south. But the response has been federal: candidate police and troops.