the Allies aircraft. The blockade was ended in May 1949 when Stalin gave up. 4. a) Marshal Tito also known as Josip Broz Tito was the Communist regime leader in Yugoslavia. He was very patriotic and party thanks to him Yugoslavia managed to keep its independence. Yugoslavia managed to fight back the Nazis almost single-handed.Tito resented taking orders from outsiders and when Stalin suggested to join Russias and Yugoslavias bank he refused. Many non- communist Yugoslavs supported Tito for patriotic reasons. b) NATO or also known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in April 1949. It consisted of the USA, Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway Italy and Portugal. Greece and Turkey joined in 1951 and West Germany in 1954. Spain wanted to join too but some of the European governments still hated Franco.The American
came. Next morning, the confused divisional command, not having received any disavowal of the enciphered orders, and consequently believing that they were valid though incomprehensible lifted its attacks at Shkoder and began retreating northward. The Italians hastened to fill the military vacuum that was created, and marched the 10 miles from Kotor to Cetinje in a day. Next day the Yugoslav headquarters replied that no retreat had been ordered, but by then it was too late. It only told the Yugoslavs that their ciphers were compromised, and, unable to issue new ones in the fluid situation, they attempted to assure the legitimacy of their communications through onerous controls. Instead they gummed their command machinery at a time when every hour counted. A few days later it was all over. The S.I.M.'s fake messages had saved Italy from a crippling defeat. In a typical month during the war the S.I.M.'s Sezione 248 THE CODEBREAKERS 6 intercepted 8,000 radiograms
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