57. joonis- graph, draught 58. värvivarjund, värvitoon, värving- HUE 59. sepis- jorging 60. krohv-plaster 61. kriit-chalk 62. kujutav kunst(graafika, maalikunst, skulptuur)- figurative art 63. kujutis- image 64. lakk- varnish 65. molbert- easel 66. näitus-exhibition 67. kunstigalerii-art gallery 68. palett(värvide hoidmise ja segamise alus)- palette 69. pintsel- (paint)brush 70. pintslitõmme- (brush) stroke 71. portselan-porcelain 72. põhivärvid- primary colours 73. pärgament-vellum, parchment 74. renessanss- Renaissance 75. rokokoo- Rococo 76. ilmalik, ilmlik kunst-secular art 77. sakraal(kirikllik)kunst- sacred art 78. tempera 8 maalimistehnika vesivärvidega, millele on lisatud liimi, munakollast või muid aineid, ka selles tehnikas maal- tempera 79. toon(värvivarjund)-shade, tone 80. käsikirja algustöhti ornamentidega või kullaga kaunistama- to illuminate(valgusreklaam- illuminated sign)
century. This facilitated reading, as these monks tended to be less familiar with Latin. However, the use of spaces between words did not become commonplace before the 12th century. It has been argued that the use of spacing between words shows the transition from semi-vocalized reading into silent reading. The first books used parchment or vellum (calf skin) for the pages. The book covers were made of wood and covered with leather. Because dried parchment tends to assume the form it had before processing, the books were fitted with clasps or straps. During the later Middle Ages, when public libraries appeared, up to 18th century, books were often chained to a bookshelf or a desk to prevent theft. These chained books are called libri catenati. At first, books were copied mostly in bars, one at a time
Libraries. We know a lot of things thanks to books, but we do not know exactly when and where they originated, and what should be considered the first book in the world. Ancient document, written on parchment, papyri and vellum can hardly be qualified as books the way we understand the word today. Centuries went before paper replaced parchment and papyri. In the 15 th century Johann Gutenberg invented a mechanical process of duplicating texts, which we today call book printing. The first book was printed between 1444 and 1446, so these years can be considered as the beginning years of book printing. His most important preserved printings are the 40 copies of the Bible. By the end of the 15 th
attacked, the most resistant, and the most expensive of historical cryptograms remains unsolved. It fills an anonymous, untitled volume that has been called "the most mysterious manuscript in the world." In 1962, rare book dealer Hans P. Kraus of New York attracted worldwide attention when he asked $160,000 for this book that no one can read. 1 The volume itself is unprepossessing. A large octavo of about 6x9 inches, it has 204 pages; 28 others are lost. Its covers, of vellum like the leaves, are off. Dozens of tiny female nudes, astrological diagrams, and about 400 drawings of fanciful plants illuminate the book in blue, dark red, light yellow, brown, and an especially vivid green. Running among these decorations is the text itself. The manuscript somewhat resembles an herbal—a book, common in the Middle Ages, listing plants with medicinal properties and often giving recipes for extracting drugs from them.
" "Heading to lunch? I'll join you and explain." I was briefly reminded of Gideon's warning to stay away from Christopher, but by now I figured he trusted me. Especially with his brother. "I'm going to a deli up the street," I said. "If you're game." "Absolutely." We started walking. "What did you want to see me about?" I asked, too curious to wait. He reached into one of two large cargo pockets of his jeans and pulled out a formal invitation in a vellum envelope. "I came to invite you to a garden party we're having at my parents' estate on Sunday. A mix of business and pleasure. Many of the artists signed to Vidal Records will be there. I was thinking it'd be great networking for your roommate-he's got the right look for music video." I brightened. "That would be wonderful!" Christopher grinned and passed the invite over. "And you'll both have fun. No one throws a party like my mother."
annaabi.ee 
