heritage. As a consequence, the term crioulo never became the name of an ethnic group. Instead it is simply a racial label, and is now considered highly offensive. 8 Spanish-speaking countries In regions that were formerly colonies of Spain, the Spanish word criollo historically referred to class of the colonial caste system, comprising people born in the colonies with unmixed Spanish descent. People with at most 1/8th of Amerindian ancestry, were also considered criollos; but this rule did not apply to black African ancestry. The criollos ranked strictly lower than Spanish-born peninsulares (literally "born in the Iberian Peninsula"), who occupied the top military, administrative, and religious offices in the colonies. The word criollo is a similar of English Creole, and often translated by it; even though many
control of an II entire army by a single commander. By eliminating the need for physical linkage by wire, radio speeded communication between headquarters, joined through the ether units that could not connect by wire because of distance, terrain, hostile forces, or rapid movement, opened communications with naval and air forces, and eased the economic burden of producing immense quantities of wire. But few blessings are unmixed. Just as the telegraph had made military communications much more effective but had also increased the possibility of interception over that of hand-carried dispatches, so radio's vast amplification of military communications was accompanied by an enormously greater probability of interception. The public, omnidirectional nature of radio transmissions, which makes wireless communication so easy to establish, makes it equally easy to intercept. It
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