Effective leadership and economi recovery provide space for accommodation with democracy Germany 1990s Gorbachev removes protection from East German state, end of Cold War East German civic protest thus enabled, removing east German regime, paving way for unification Mexico: International pressure from IOs, other states, donors, learning effect from reforms elsewhere, etc. Domestic pressures come from crises or lack of `delivery' of services, growth, etc. South Africa Domestic: uprising `ungovernability' International: sanctions, censure, impact on economy Transitional institutions Rule of law : Separation of powers; Allied armies as back up if needed ... (g) East Germany absorbed into ready-made rule of law from West Constitutions, courts (SA) more independent Congress (M) Federal Electoral Institute (M) Openness: TRC (SA) `Gauck-Authority' (G) opening of Stasi files; Freedom of Information Agency (M) CONSOLIDATION Democratization doesn't end with elections....
· economic impact of sanctions Black unemployment rates 30% Domestic political factors · Black Politics · White politics Mass mobilization Institutional rejection of Ungovernability, apartheid (churches) Defiance campaign, Anti-conscription campaign stayaways. Media coverage White symphatetic to reform. By 1989 all the Changing attitudes
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