Russian philology
most widespread language on the Internet after English.
Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and
those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or a soft
counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language. Another important
aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally
indicated orthographically. though an optional acute accent ( , znak udareniya)
may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example
(zamók, meaning a lock) and (zámok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the
proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.
The standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language
( ). It arose in the beginning of the 18th century
with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter the Great, and
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