Russian philology
Zhukovsky and later that of his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Pushkin is
credited with both crystallizing the literary Russian language and introducing a new level of
artistry to Russian literature. His best-known work is a novel in verse, Eugene Onegin. An
entire new generation of poets including Mikhail Lermontov, Yevgeny Baratynsky, Konstantin
Batyushkov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and
Afanasy Fet followed in Pushkin's steps.
Prose was flourishing as well. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. Then came
Ivan Turgenev, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, and Nikolai Leskov, all mastering both short
stories and novels, and novelist Ivan Goncharov. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky soon
became internationally renowned to the point that many scholars such as F. R. Leavis have
described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever
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