Russian philology
and Andrei Platonov and short story writers Isaak Babel and Mikhail Zoshchenko. The
OPOJAZ group of literary critics, also known as Russian formalism, was created in close
connection with Russian Futurism. Two of its members also produced influential literary
works, namely Viktor Shklovsky, whose numerous books (e.g., Zoo, or Letters Not About
Love, 1923) defy genre in that they present a novel mix of narration, autobiography, and
aesthetic as well as social commentary, and Yury Tynyanov, who used his knowledge of
Russia's literary history to produce a set of historical novels mainly set in the Pushkin era
(e.g., Young Pushkin: A Novel).
Writers like those of the Serapion Brothers group, who insisted on the right of an author to
write independently of political ideology, were forced by authorities to reject their views and
accept socialist realist principles. Some 1930s writers, such as Mikhail Bulgakov, author of