it was the combination of heavy point loads in a highly seismic region and a building design that did not allow any lateral bracing. Unique structures, such as stadiums and industrial facilities require often steel in excess of 10,000 tons, exerting a tremendous workload on structural engineers and detailers. For example the Olympic stadium in Beijing (Figure 2), resembling a birds nest, used 40,000 tons of steel and required 20,000 drawings to detail the twisting and turning frames (Tuchman & Ding-Kemp, 2006). Figure 1. Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles (left) (Morrison, 2010). Figure 2. Olympic Stadium in Beijing (Chino, 2008). There may be little if any time savings using 3D modeling on smaller projects, although there may be fewer errors. However, the larger the job, the bigger the savings and the sooner we will see a return on investment. According to David Nelms, a detailer and
00 a year; the treasurer is Miss Edna Bickley, 312a West Jackson, Mexico, Missouri 65265. Two books describe the standard cipher systems and how to solve them. Abraham Sinkov's Elementary Crypt-analysis (Random House, 1968, 189 pages) is very clear and effectively relates the techniques to the underlying mathematics. Helen F. Gaines's Cryptanalysis (1939, reprinted Dover, 1956, 237 pages) covers more ground but is less understandable. Other works deal with aspects of the subject. Barbara W. Tuchman recounts the political effects of the most important cryptogram solution in history in The Zimmermann Telegram (1958, reprinted Macmillan, 1966, 244 pages). Ladislas Farago's The Broken Seal (Random House, 1967, 441 pages) tells about the development, theft, and solution of Japanese cryptosystems before Pearl Harbor. William F. and Elizebeth S. Friedman's The Shakespearean Ciphers Examined (Cambridge University Press, 1957, 303 pages) is a
annaabi.ee 
