evidence you were a witch. (Unlike 'spectral evidence', which was highly unusual looking for witch marks was common in the 17th century). As you can see if you were accused to witchcraft you had very little chance of being found not guilty. On 29 June Sarah Good, Elizabeth Howe, Susannah Martin, Sarah Wilds and Rebecca Nurse, were tried. They were hanged on 19 July. The trial of Rebecca Nurse was a travesty. She was an old lady of good character and the jury acquitted her. However the girls who accused her of being a witch had fits or fainted. Incredibly the judge, William Stoughton, 'invited' the jury to `reconsider' their verdict. This time they found her guilty. (Perhaps the jurors were afraid they would be accused of being witches unless they brought the 'right' verdict). 6
Satire used for personal or political invective (sõim) was impolite. Politeness called satirist to use weapons against not some person but against vice in general. This was opinion of Addison and Steele. In practice, largely ignored. Satire was based on the events and personalities of the moment. Parody was central to its working. Contrasting ideas, values, principles, attitudes, style, identities. Vehicles: mock-panegyric (kiidukõne), mock-heroic, the burlesque and travesty as well as simple imitation. Generally free use of conversational language, humour, vividness, concreteness of description, topical subjects, general intention of improving society by exposing its vices and follies. Jonathan Swift: combined parody, with its imitation of form and style and satire in prose; technique to create fictional speaker (Gulliver), utter sentiments which intelligent reader recognises as self-satisfied, egoistical, stupid. Master of understaded irony
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