1. The independent movement for the European federation - Should unite all supporters, should not be a political party - Should be supernational - Should seek direct influence on public opinion, exercise pressure on national governments 2. Constituent Assembly vs intergovernmental method: not governments but citizens - Represent the public opinion - Represent the parties and prinviple democratic trends - Free of the vested interests 3. Spinellis critique of the ECSC - European institutions will be deprived of the capacity to overcome special interests - The chaos and inefficiency as the result of lack of common governance - Functional institutions established by the unanimous decisions are weak in time of crisis - The democratic deficite Critique of the federalist approach - Creation of a state like institutional order at the European level results in significantgovernance capacity
Spinellide üldine struktuurvalem kus A ja B on katioonid, millest üks on siirdemetall.Aniooniks võib olla F-, Cl-, CN-, S2-, Se2-, Te2-. Normaalsetes spinellides katioon A on kahevalentne (Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Zn2+), katioon B on kolmevalentne (Al3+, V3+, Cr3+3+, Mn3+). Spinellstruktuur on koostiselt väga varieeruv, tänu erinevate katioonide sisenemisele struktuuri. Teada on üle 100 mineraali spinelli struktuuriga. Neis võivad elemendid A ja B omavahel asenduda, st normaalses spinellis kahevalentse metalli A2+ ioonid hõlmavad tetraeedrilised tühimikud, kolmevalentse metalli B3+ ioonid aga oktaeedrilised tühimikud. Inverses spinellis pool B3+ ioonidest asuvad tetraeedrilistes tühimikes, A2+ ioonid on aga oktaeedrilistes tühimikes, seega spinelli brutovalem on B8(A8B8)O32. kolmekomponentset spinelli koostisega Mn1,5- 0,5xCo1+0,5xNi0,5O4 (0x1) kasutatakse NTC (negative temperature coefficient) termistorite valmistamiseks
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