● the “joy of creating, of getting things done, or simply of exercising one's energy and ingenuity” (Schumpeter 1934, 93) Entrepreneurs – bearers of the mechanism of change It is however the producer who as a rule initiates economic change, and consumers are educated by him if necessary; they are taught to want new things which differ in some respect or other from those which they have been in the habit of using.” (Schumpeter 2002[1934], 65) The Schumpeterian “Entrepreneur”: the person or organisational unit responsible for combining the factors necessary for innovation. Schumpeter on economic development: a process of qualitative change, driven by innovation, taking place in historical time – the “entrepreneurial function”: the action of creating new combinations of existing resources. ● Schumpeter Mark I: focusing on individual entrepreneurs ● Schumpeter Mark II: innovation in large firms
French and/or German, lines. Further, the state is not only as capable to act and as necessary as it ever was the tools that challenge it, such as the new ways of communication and organization, have at the same time immensely increased its powers. Most importantly, key economic and development issues of today, sustainability, dynamic development, innovation, and technology, actually foster the role of the state in economic growth. (See Reinert 1999) The Schumpeterian, innovation-based world cannot be imagined without a capable state actor. If we follow Carlota Perez' theory of Techno-Economic Paradigm Shifts (2002), then we are now entering the synergy phase of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) surge or Kondratieff , which requires a particularly active state with strong administrative capacity. And after all, these insights form much of the basis of the EU's main development
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