Photographic camera
holes in a sieve, and the gaps between leaves of a plane tree was viewed by him.
Full account of the principle including experiments with five lanterns outside a
room with a small hole was given by The Islamic scholar and scientist Alhazen
(Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Haitham) (c.965 - 1039)
Two clear descriptions of the camera obscura were given (1490) in the notebooks
of Leonardo Da Vinci. Many of the first camera obscuras were large rooms like
that illustrated by the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for use in
observing a solar eclipse.
The image quality was improved with the addition of a convex lens into the
aperture in the 16th century and the later addition of a mirror to reflect the
image down onto a viewing surface. Giovanni Battista Della Porta in his 1558
book Magiae Naturalis recommended the use of this device as an aid for drawing
for artists.
First photographs taken with camera obscura were mostly landscapes, the reason
for that was a long exposure time
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