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not so much on their legal nature as on the effect they exert on trade between Member States.
The correctness of such a test, called an effect test, confirmed later the decisions of the Court.
There are three main decisions showing how the Court interprets these measures and applies the
effect test. 154
The first such decision was a decision on the famous case of Procureur de Roi v. Dassonville. The
court ruled that Belgium had no right to prohibit the import from Scotland of Scotch whiskey,
which did not have a certificate of origin issued by the authorities of the producing country, since
whiskey was already legally free in France. The Court's decision determined measures having an
effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions as "any trade rules adopted by Member States that are
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