mutual recognition and the ideal of the universal-rights-bearing individual it supports is a basis of all societies throughout history. The worldview implied in contract theory and in the moral obligation to respect individual rights is not the foundation of social life but rather a reflection of the spirit of the modern age. This spirit resides in modern legal and economic institutions, which foster an idea of abstract rights and universal personhood. Hegel therefore applies his theory of history and culture to an analysis of the modern world. He also criticizes both contemporary political theory and idealist moral philosophy for not recognizing that the phenomena they recognize as universal laws are actually particular expressions of modern culture. Philosophy of Right, III: Ethical Life Individual states arise, they are in conflict with one another and fall. History =pursuit for freedom
must know to live well and sustainably on the Earth. A fourth myth of higher education is that we can adequately restore that which we have dismantled. In the modern curriculum we have fragmented the world into bits and pieces called disciplines and subdisciplines. As a result, after 12 or 16 or 20 years of education, most students graduate without any broad integrated sense of the unity of things. The consequences for their personhood and for the planet are large. For example, we routinely produce economists who lack the most rudimentary knowledge of ecology. This explains why our national accounting systems do not subtract the costs of biotic impoverishment, soil erosion, poisons in the air or water, and resource depletion from gross national product. We add the price of the sale of a bushel of wheat to GNP while forgetting to subtract the three bushels of topsoil lost in its production
44); Morrow, pp. 149-151; Young Children`s Citizenship, ed. By Bren Neale (York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2004), pp. 6-7; Alderson, p. 131; Howe and Covell, p. 57; Children`s Childhoods Observed and Experienced, pp.36-37; Morrow, pp.149-151). 9 relates children with innocence and vulnerability often `constructs children out of society, mutes their voices, denies their personhood, and limits their potential` 26. Children are not citizens in a constitutional sense, they cannot vote. They are perceived as `presocial` actors `trapped in the state of becoming rather than being`.27 Thereupon, children are not considered of being rational and capable of exercising responsibility until the age of majority, the age of 18. 28 There is an imposition that granting children rights to participate in decision making will overwhelm them with a great
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