Anglo-Norman period
· A central Christian commander during the Third Crusade
· Put down rebellions against his father before becoming king
· Spent very little time in England
· Seen as a pious hero
· One of the few Kings of England remembered by his epithet
John Lackland
· Ruled 1199-1216
· Got into trouble
· Quarrel with Pope Innocent III
· Excommunicated
· Overtaxing England for war against France
· Lost the war
· Result: a revolt of the English barons
· Forced John to sign the Magna Charta in 1215
· Not even the King was above the law
· No free man could be arrested without due process of law and a trial
Edward I
· Reigned 1272-1307
· Known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots
· A strong king
· Re-established royal authority over the nobles
· Conquered Scotland and Wales
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