"operantionally" - 1 õppematerjal

Psühholoogia ajalugu

Positivism - the belief that science should study only those objects or events that can be experienced directly. All speculation about abstract entities should be avoided. Logical positivism - the philosophy of science according to which theoretical concepts are admissible if they are tied to the observable world through operantional definitions. 1. If theory is used, it must be used in ways demanded by logical positivism. 2. All theoretical terms must be operantionally defined. 3. Nonhuman animals should be used as research subjects for two reasons: (a) relevant variables are easier to control. (b) perceptual and learning processes occuring in nonhuman animals differ only in the degree from those processes in humans therefore the info can be generalized to humans. 4. The learning process is of prime importance because it is the primary mechanism by which organism adjust to changing environments.