Taiga: The low temperatures inhibit bacterial and fungal action, so the decomposition rate is low and the leaf litter relatively deep.The soil in the taiga is thin, acidic and not very nutrient rich. It also is rocky. 6. What is permafrost? In geology, permafrost, cryotic soil or permafrost soil is soil at or below the freezing point of water (0 °C or 32 °F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. 7. What is gully? A gully is a landform created by running water, eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. Gullies resemble large ditches or small valleys, but are metres to tens of metres in depth and width. When the gully formation is in process, the water flow ratecan be substantial, which causes the significant deep cutting action into soil. 8
Stopforth et al. 2002). Biofilm Formation Usual recommendations for choosing A biofilm can be described as a group of materials and food equipment design are bacteria that have colonized a surface. The useful to avoid biofilm formation: use of biofilm not only includes the bacteria but also smooth, nonporous material and of equip- a complex polysaccharide-like material pro- ment without inaccessible corners; cleaning duced on the surface and any material trapped at short intervals to prevent excessive buildup within the matrix. It is generally assumed that of soil and biofilm; and, since water is indis- the biofilms take hours or days to develop. pensable for biofilm production, drying of
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