Liha töötlemine
choice. promoter. In order to fulfil regulations and to
The European Union (EU) made labeling ensure consumers’ rights to information, as
mandatory since 1997 in food and feed prod- well as to introduce new insights for per-
ucts containing, consisting of, or produced forming traceability and coexistent GMO
from GMOs in a proportion higher than 0.9% studies (Aarts et al. 2002), several analytical
of authorized GMO, 0.5% for nonauthorized approaches have been developed, mostly
GMOs, and compulsory at any level if the based on molecular methodologies that rely
GMO presence could not be demonstrated to on the detection of either protein or DNA.
be adventitious or technically unavoidable Protein-based methods employ western
(European Commission 2003a, b). In addi- blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
tion, all GM additives and GM flavorings (ELISA), or lateral flow strips, while DNA-
annaabi.ee 
