Euroopa pronksi- ja rauaaeg
3.Loodusliku Vase/tina allika puudumine
4.Tulemus: Pronks viib suure vahetuskaubanduseni
Ai-Bunar, Bulgaria; 5 aastatuhat BC
2200 peetakse tina+vase kooskasutamise alguseks
Puttkamer (2006) (smelting)
Metallurgia
spetsialiseerunud, ,,täiskohaga töö"
,,myth of control" - sotsiaalse hirearhia töö?
Kienlin 2013
-no rapid increase and development on scale and complexity in EBA
-no evolutionist development in terms of techniques and technology
-nolaws of chemystry and physics alone
-no ,,political" authority over prestige-goods exchange
-metallurgy and copper/bronze production complex and regionalli specific. Not necessarily elite-driven
-väikesed gruppid seotud metallurgiaga, segmentary as in Neolithic times
-intra-community part-time specialization
5-8% tina lisa vasele annab pronksi sulamisele ilusa kuldse värvuse, sulatamistemp on madalam, annab
tugevust, oks. vähem
Pronks levis hästi, sest seda sai ümber sulatada
annaabi.ee 
