Thermal treatments and Smith 1998). Pre-slaughter washing of (hot water and steam) or organic acid sheep is a common intervention in New solutions are commonly used alone or in Zealand (Biss and Hathaway 1995). In addi- combination (Sofos 2005). Alternative tion, Australia has adopted washing of cattle, decontamination methods/agents include which is also practiced in certain slaughter ionizing radiation, ozonated water, nisin, glu- plants in the United States (Sofos 2002). The conic acid, lactoferrin, high hydrostatic pres- outcome of animal washing is variable and Meat Decontamination 45 Animal Arrival of animals washing and holding Stunning
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