100 millimeters to as much as 3,000 millimeters. Although much of the hotspot was once covered in evergreen oak forests, deciduous and conifer forests, eight thousand years of human settlement and habitat modification have distinctly altered the characteristic vegetation. Today, the most widespread vegetation type is hard-leafed or sclerophyllus shrublands called maquis or matorral, which include representatives from the plant genera Juniperus, Myrtus, Olea, Phillyrea, Pistacia, and Quercus. This vegetation is similar in appearance to the chaparral vegetation of California and the matorral of Chile. Some important components of Mediterranean vegetation (species of the genera Arbutus, Calluna, Ceratonia, Chamaerops, and Larus) are relicts from the ancient forests that dominated the Basin two million years ago. Frequent burning of maquis results in depauperate vegetation dominated by Kermes oak ( Quercus coccifera), Cistus spp. or
ligikaudu 1 800 m) ja Egeuse mere idaosa saartel ning on kohandunud igal pool mujal riigis. Macchie ehk makii. Termin "macchie" ehk "makii" tähistab tihedat, vahel läbipääsmatut võsataimestikku, mis on üldjuhul 1,5-3,5 m kõrge ja kus kasvavad suures osas kõvalehised igihaljad liigid nagu iilekstamm (Quercus ilex), harilik maasikapuu (Arbutus unedo), kreeka maasikapuu (A. andrachne), loorberipuu (Laurus nobilis), harilik mürt (Myrtus communis), puis-eerika (Erica arborea), mastiksipistaatsia (Pistacia lentiscus), laialehine fillüüria (Phillyrea latifolia), jne. Makiis leidub ka lehtpõõsaid nagu euroopa juudapuu (Cercis siliquastrum), harilik parukapuu (Cotinus coggygria), euroopa humalpöök (Ostrya carpinifolia) ja õlipistaatsia (Pistacia terebinthus). Phrygana ehk früügana. Termin "früügana" tähistab avatud põõsastikku, kus kasvavad valdavalt
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