TOPICS FOR SPEAKING
used. Both starting punches and pin punches must have flat ends, never pointed,
edged or round.
Scriber is used to make clean narrow lines on metal. It is made of tool steel. Some
have single ends; others have double ends with one end bent about 90º.
Dividers are used for marking radius, circles, and arcs and for transmitting
measurements from a ruler to a detail and from a detail to a ruler.
VOCABULARY
punch mulgusti, perforaator, torn, puansoon, tempel, kärn
; ; ;
center punch kärn
scriber
dividers mõõtesirkel
arc kaar
HAND TOOLS
Hammer can be classified as hard hammers and soft hammers. One of the most
general-purpose hard hammers is a ball-peen or machinist's hammer. The ball-
shaped end is called the peen, the flat end the face. Soft hammers are used for
hammering or working on a finished surface. This hammer is usually made of
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