Russian philology
In Poland, Augustus II was restored as King.
Peter, overestimating the support he would receive from his Balkan allies, attacked the
Ottoman Empire, initiating the Russo-Turkish War of 1710. Peter's campaign in the Ottoman
Empire was disastrous, and in the ensuing Treaty of the Pruth, Peter was forced to return the
Black Sea ports he had seized in 1697. In return, the Sultan expelled Charles XII.
Normally, the Boyar Duma would have exercised power during his absence. Peter, however,
mistrusted the boyars; he instead abolished the Duma and created a Senate of ten members.
The Senate was founded as the highest state institution to supervise all judicial, financial and
administrative affairs. Originally established only for the time of the monarch's absence, the
Senate became a permanent body after his return. A special high official, the Ober-Procurator,
served as the link between the ruler and the senate and acted, in Peter own words, as "the
sovereign's eye"
annaabi.ee 
