information among people, enterprises and institutions are key to the innovative process. Innovation and technology development are the result of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government research institutes. For policy makers, an understanding of the national innovation system can help identify leverage points for enhancing innovative performance and overall competitiveness. It can assist in pinpointing mismatches within the system, both among institutions and in relation to government policies, which can thwart technology development and innovation. Policies which seek to improve networking among the actors and institutions in the system and which aim at enhancing the innovative capacity of firms, particularly their ability to identify and absorb technologies, are most valuable in this context. The measurement and assessment of national innovation systems has centred on four types of knowledge or
different, that Q. For example, I say to an obstreperous visitor, "There's the door," meaning that the visitor is to leave now. But the sentence "There's the door" does not mean "You are to leave now," nor could I be described as having come out and said that the visitor is to leave. I say one thing, I mean another; and this is perfectly clear to both parties without either of them having to think about it for a moment. In chapter 7, of course, we have discussed mismatches between speaker- meaning and sentence meaning. But there we tended to focus on pathological cases in which, for example, a speaker has a bizarre belief about the meaning of the word or about someone else's understanding of the word (or a reason- able belief about somebody else's bizarre understanding of the word). But in the case of what I am calling conveyed meaning, there is no pathology; it is a perfectly normal conversational phenomenon. Suppose you ask me whether
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