Russian philology
century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian poetry. The poets most often associated with the
"Silver Age" are Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov, Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova,
Nikolay Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Marina
Tsvetaeva and Boris Pasternak. This era produced some first-rate novelists and short-story
writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Fyodor
Sologub, Aleksey Remizov, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely.
After the Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white émigré parts.
While the Soviet Union assured universal literacy and a highly developed book printing
industry, it also enforced ideological censorship. In the 1930s Socialist realism became the
predominant trend in Russia. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who laid the foundations
of this style. Nikolay Ostrovsky's novel How the Steel Was Tempered has been among the
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