Tundra swans
● Can be aggressive in defence of their nests
Breeding
● Lay an average of four eggs
● Female broods for 36 days
● The cygnets do not reach the ability of flight
before an age of 120 to 150 days
Distribution and habitat
● Found naturally mainly in temperate areas of
Europe across western Asia
● Partically migratory throughout northern
latitudes in Europe and Asia, as far south as
north Africa and the Mediterrranean
● Also founded in Iceland
Distribution of tundra swan
● Difficult to differentiate
● Breeds in the Arctic, subarctic tundra
● Inhabit – shallow pools, lakes and rivers
● Migratory birds
● The breeding range extends across the coastal
lowlands of Siberia to the Pacific
● Start to arrive around mid-May, leave for winter
the end of September
Ecology of tundra swans
● In summer – aquatic vegetation – mannagrass,
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