Bosphorus, mille erinevus solange-doktriinist seisneb selles, et menetlusosalistele jäetakse võimalus lükata samaväärse kaitse eeldus ümber ka konkreetses kohtuasjas.*24 Solange-doktriin ei võimalda eel- dust ühenduse õiguskorras pakutava õiguskaitse taseme kohta igal üksikul juhul vaidlustada. EIK aga märkis, et puutumatus kontrolli suhtes ei laiene juhtudele, mil „[k]onventsioonist tulenevate õiguste kaitse oli ilmselgelt [manifestly] puudulik“*25. Kolmas mudel hõlmab seega intensiivsemat kontrolli. Ehkki kohus tunnistab Euroopa Liidu õigust rakendavad riigisisesed meetmed õigusvastaseks üksnes siis, kui vastuolu põhiõigustega on ilmne, peab ta neid hindama ka üksikjuhtudel. (4) Neljas, kõige aktiivsem mudel tähendaks igapäevast kontrolli, valmisolekut asuda hindama kõiki seotud sätteid, seadmata barjääriks nõuet, et nende vastuolu aluspõhimõtetega peab olema ilmne. Siia lahtrisse võib
and nonsense strings such as chapter 1's "Good of off primly the a the the why" is that, for whatever reason, (1)(4) have psychological effects that the word salad does not. But surely there is a huge cognitive difference between (1)(4) and the word salad: We often not only understand them but can paraphrase them more literally; we draw inferences from them; we some- times take ourselves to have learned new empirical facts from having heard metaphorical utterances. That cognitive value manifestly does not derive from their usually bizarre literal meanings. Moran (1997) adds the example of embedding in conditional antecedents ("If music be the food of love, play on," or even "If music is the food of love, I'm going to buy some records"). A cognate point is that, if Davidson is right, one can never misinterpret a metaphor.6 If in response to Romeo's utterance of (2), some eavesdropper had chirped, "I get it!--Juliet depresses him because she's so stupid and she
T h e Norse runes and the Hebrew alphabet are simple letters for spelling words, but also deep symbols of cosmic significance. T h i s magical sense is preserved in our word for teaching children how to manipulate letters to make words: spelling. W h e n you "spell" a word correctly, you are in effect casting a spell, charging these abstract, arbitrary symbols with mean ing and power. W e say "Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words can never h u r t me," but this is manifestly untrue. W e know that words have power to hurt or heal. T h e simple words of a letter, telegram, or phone call can strike you like a hammer blow. They're just words — marks on paper or vibrations of air — but mere words such as "Guilty," "Ready, aim, fire.'" "I do," or "We'd like to buy your screenplay" can bind us, condemn us, or bring us joy. T h e y can hurt or heal us with their magic power. T h e healing power of words is their most magical aspect. Writers, like the
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