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1.2 What is a survey? A quick review of the literature will reveal many different definitions of what constitutes a survey. Some handbooks on survey methodology immediately describe the major components of surveys and of survey error instead of giving a definition (e.g., Fowler, Gallagher, Stringfellow, Zalavsky Thompson & Cleary, 2002, p. 4; Groves, 1989, p. 1), others provide definitions, ranging from concise definitions (e.g., Czaja & Blair, 2005, p. 3; Groves, Fowler, Couper, Lepkowski, Singer & Tourangeau, 2004, p. 2; Statistics Canada, 2003, p. 1) to elaborate descriptions of criteria (Biemer & Lyberg, 2003, Table 1.1). What have these definitions in common? The survey research methods section of the American Statistical Association provides on its website an introduction (Scheuren, 2004) that explains survey methodology for survey users, covering the major steps in the survey process and explaining the methodological issues. According to Scheuren (2004, p. 9) the word