German borrowings metals and minerals zinc, nickel, quartz military mauser, rucksack, blitzkrieg food sauerkraut, bratwurst, lager, schnapps, schnitzel, frankfurter, dog daschhund, poodle, dobermann, misc kindergarten, diesel, fuchsia, gerbera, waltz, masterpiece 12. Borrowings from Asian languages Hindi: wallah (in charge of specific thing), curry, juggernaut (lorry), bungalow (from bangla), jungle, bandana, punch (drink), verandah Arabic: alcohol (alcool) , sugar, camel, elixir, algebra Japanese: kamikaze, karaoke, ramen, bonsai, ikebana, tofu, tsunami, origami, shiatsu 13. Dutch ad Afrikaans borrowings nautical terms boom, buoy, yacht, skipper, dock, cruise, art easel, landscape misc dollar, brandy, tattoo, buckwheat, boss, cookie, coleslaw, apartheid (Afrik), trek (Afrik), tsetse (Afrik) NY place names The Bronx (Jonas Bronck), Harlem, Brooklyn, 14. Etymological doublets Doublet – one of two or more words derived from one source: • fragile (< Latin fragilis ), frail (< Old French frele) • Triplet – three such words, e.g. • Cattle chattel capital Dialect-based doublets: road (from ride on horseback), raid (from same), shirt ( from skirt), in Anglo-borman and French: guarantee (warrant in French is garant), thesaurus (treasure, storehouse, this is from Greek...
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