GRAFFITI History ● The term, graffiti, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, as in the Pompeii. ● The first known example graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city ● The ancient Romans craved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt. ● Graffiti writing is having become with hip hop and the myrial international styles. ● Graffiti have long appeared on building walls, in latrines, subways, and bridges.
o Aggression avoldance? o Effeicient travel? · Main sett o Thermodynamic o Anti-predator Rural badgers group sociality · Live in social group < 30 individuals · Groups form through delayed dispersal · Group member share setts and above-ground space · Groups defend territories (even from the same species) · Communication via scent (defence as well no physical defence) urine, sub caudal secretion, at latrines along shared boundaries Why live in groups? o Badgers do not hunt or rear young cooperatively o Forces promoting group living: Costs of territorial defence are lower if they are shared among more individuals Kin selection may promote coexistence between primary territory holders (adults) and young animals (likely t o be their offspring)
years. After a sound night's sleep, the men line up for breakfast. The cook has unwittingly made enough food for 150 men. The men are anxious to eat the rations designated for their fallen comrades, but the cook insists that he is only allowed to distribute single rations and that the dead soldiers' rations will simply have to go to waste. After a heated argument, however, he agrees to distribute all of the food. Paul remembers that he and his friends were embarrassed to use the general latrines when they were recruits. Now they find them a luxury. Every soldier is intimately acquainted with his stomach and intestines. The men settle down to rest, smoke, and play cards in order to forget about their narrow survival during their last trip to the front. Kemmerich, one of Paul's classmates and a member of the Second Company, is in the hospital with a thigh wound. Paul recalls his schoolmaster, Kantorek, a fiercely patriotic man who persuaded many of
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