similar in nature to ascertaining the reading level of the text. The information gleaned is then used by a series of independent mathematical judges, or mathematical models, to "predict" the expert human scores and then optimized to produce a final predicted score. Typically, the judge that explains the largest proportion of rater variance will be employed in model development. The technical details of the Intelligent Essay Assessor are highlighted in Landauer, Laham, & Foltz (2003). IEA is modeled using a two-pronged approach. The content of the essay is assessed by using a combination of external databases and LSA. For example, if the writing prompt had to do with the differentiation among Freud's concepts of superego, ego, and id, the reference database might include the electronic version of an introductory text in psychology. From that database, LSA would determine the likelihood of encountering certain words (e.g.., the term "conscience" as a synonym
IV. Strateegiline planeerimine planeerimine Strateegiline juhtimine planeerimine Keskkond Stabiilne Muutuv Ebastabiilne Üllatav Ettevõtte Madal Keskmine Kõrge Väga kõrge keerukus kuni 1950 1950-1960 1970-1980 alates 1980 Joonis 1. Strateegilise mõtlemise arengufaasid (Welge/Al-Laham, 2008). 4 KULUDE JUHTIMINE JA CONTROLLING T. Haldma Majanduskeskkonna kasvava konkurentsi tingimustes on ettevõtte juhtkonnale järjest enam vajalik tõhusa, analüütilise informatsiooni kättesaadavus selleks, et strateegilised eesmärgipüstitused ja üldsuunad ette anda ning detsentraliseeritud otsused soovitavale eesmärgile suunata SUUNAMISFUNKTSIOON
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