Integration of Lean Con. and Building Information Modelling
reducing waste from the processes and operations feasible. It means design should facilitate (i.e., make
transparent) operations and improvement. Operations should provide empirical data about the
production system to the improvement action (e.g. PPC, see subchapter 3.5.1). Finally, improvement
should address both operation and design of the system with relevant information for improvements.
Figure 3.3 Three main actions in construction projects, source Lauri Koskelas presentation at "First
TTK Day of Project Management" November 2009.
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Simply said, a production system in construction should be built up in a way that it gives decision-
makers (managers) the information needed: the level of resource utilization, and controllable
elements/parameters (metrics). It means a production system should supply managers with elements to