performed the Hijra ("emigration") to the city of Medina in 622. There, with the Medinan converts and the Meccan migrants, Muhammad established his political and religious authority. Within years, two battles had been fought against Meccan forces: the Battle of Badr in 624, which was a Muslim victory, and the Battle of Uhud in 625, which ended inconclusively. Conflict with Medinan Jewish clans who opposed the Muslims led to their exile, enslavement, or death, and the Jewish enclave of Khaybar was subdued. At the same time, Meccan trade routes were cut off as Muhammad brought surrounding desert tribes under his control. By 629 Muhammad was victorious in the nearly bloodless Conquest of Mecca, and by the time of his death in 632 (at the age of 62) he ruled over the Arabian peninsula. Angels Belief in angels is fundamental to the faith of Islam. The Arabic word for angel means "messenger"
kapitali Riyadh koos Pärsia lahes. Uus 440 km Haramain Kiirraudtee ühendab Makkah'i ja Medina't. Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro on ehitamisel püha linna Mekasse. Autoteed kokku: 152044 km kattega: 45461 km sillutamata: 106583 km (2000) Linna teed ja teised suuremad maanteed on hästi hooldatud, näiteks teed Riyadhis. Teed on ehitatud nii, et need peavad vastu suvel suure kuumuse eest. Mõned olulised linnadevahelise maanteed: Dammam - Abu Hadriya - Ras Tanura Highway (257 km), Khaybar - Al Ola Highway (175 km) , Makkah - Madinah Al Munawarah Highway (421 km) , Riyadh - Dammam Highway (383 km) , Riyadh - Sedir - Al Qasim Highway (317 km) , Riyadh - Taif Highway (750 km) , Taif - Abha - Gizan Highway (750 km) , Medina - Tabuk Highway (680 km) , Jeddah - Al Leith - Jizani Highway (775 km) Jeddah - Makkah Highway (80 km) Torustikud Kondensaat 212 km, gaas 837 km; vedelgaasi 1187 km; õli 5062 km; naftatöötlemissaadused 69 km (2003). Sadamad
Yathrib) in 622. There, with the Medinan converts (Ansar) and the Meccan migrants (Muhajirun), Muhammad established his political and religious authority. Within years, two battles had been fought against Meccan forces: the Battle of Badr in 624, which was a Muslim victory, and the Battle of Uhud in 625, which ended inconclusively. Conflict with Medinan Jewish clans who opposed the Muslims led to their exile, enslavement or death, and the Jewish enclave of Khaybar was subdued. At the same time, Meccan trade routes were cut off as Muhammad brought surrounding desert tribes under his control. By 629 Muhammad was victorious in the nearly bloodless Conquest of Mecca, and by the time of his death in 632 he ruled over the Arabian peninsula. In Islam, the "normative" example of Muhammad's life is called the Sunnah (literally "trodden path"). This example is preserved in traditions known as hadith ("reports"), which recount his
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