Canada's North includes the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories, along with all Canada's Arctic Islands. This region is quite remote since most of Canada's population lives in the south. However, the North is home to over 85 000 people, many of them indigenous people and to a great variety of wildlife including caribou and polar bears. The North covers a large area and has a varied landscape which includes mountains of the Western Cordillera, the Innuitian Mountains, the Arctic Lowlands and parts of the Interior Plains and Canadian Shield. This varied landscape has one feature in common extremely cold winters and a lot of snow. It is so cold that the earth is frozen most of the year and almost never thaws. The permafrost has made constitution in the North a real challenge to architects and builders. Much of the North is treeless tundra but in the spring and summer the tundra plays host to a variety of beautiful wildflowers and shrubs
including Baffin, Ellesmere, Victoria, Newfoundland, and Melville, and many small ones. Its border with the U.S., the longest border in the world not patrolled by military forces, extends 8,890 km. 3. Mountains, lowlands Canada's vast area means it has many varying types of terrain, much of which is mountainous. The Cordillera in the west, the Appalachians in the southeast, the mountains of northern Labrador and of Baffin Island in the northeast, and the Innuitian Mountains in the north form its high edge. A large interior basin centred on Hudson Bay and covering nearly four-fifths of the country is composed of the Canadian Shield, the interior plains, and the Great Lakes St. Lawrence lowlands. Canada's highest peak is Mount Logan (5,959 m) in Yukon Territory. 4. Rivers, lakes With less than 1 percent of the world's population, Canada has some one-seventh of the world's supply of accessible fresh water. Much of this water is stored in lakes and
Much of the region has low, rugged hills and plateaus, and a deeply indented coastline. Agriculture flourishes in the fertile valleys, such as the Saint John River Valley, New Brunswick, and the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence has a gently rolling landscape with a rich, red soil. This fertile island is Canada's smallest province, making up a mere 0.1 percent of Canada's land mass. The Arctic Lowlands - Innuitian Region North of the tree line is a land of harsh beauty. During the short summer, when daylight is nearly continuous and a profusion of flowers blooms on the tundra, the temperature can reach 30°C. Yet the winters are long, bitterly cold, dark and unforgiving. The Arctic is no longer an inaccessible frontier. Inuvik, in the Mackenzie delta, can be reached by road, and every community is served by air. Most have electricity, stores and health services.
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