g. dæg -> dai, day; · Initial [h] before consonants disappears in the Middle English period, e.g. hræven - > raven; · [f, v] and [s, z] , which were allophones in the Old-English period, become phonemes; · unstressed vowels in the inflectional endings become [@] .1.1 · morphological · the complete Old-English inflectional system is simplified in Middle English; · loss of the strong inflexion of adjectives; · loss of grammatical gender; · emergence of the unified definite article `the.' · syntactical · replacement of the case functions by a fixed word order and prepositions. · lexical · first borrowing of French loan-words; · increased emergence of Scandinavian loan-words. · graphological · disappearance of Old English writing conventions;1.2 · increased use of Latin and Anglo-Norman.
18. Assimilation. Types of assim. Degree of assim. We mean the changes that borrowings undergo(läbi elama) in English and how they adapt themselves its peculiarities. Types(?):phonetics that is changes in pronounciation. What was strange to English were replaced by other sounds (nt, phneumonia, psycology, ptolemy). Grammatical assimilation Usually borrowings lost their former grammatical features, yet some have kept their original plural inflexion (nt, thesis). All borrowings with complex structure appeared in English as simple words (nt, umbrella, portpholio). Lexical assimilation(what happens to meaning)- words with many meanings are usually borrowed just in one meaning(spanish word cargo good carried in a ship). Some meanings become more general(nt, umbrella). Sometimes primary meaning becomes secondary (nt, fellow ment conpagnon, now it's a boy or a man). Degree of assimilation : this is the extent to which the word
annaabi.ee 
