The Death of the Author
is speaking in this way? Is it the story’s hero, concerned to ignore the castrato con-
cealed beneath the woman? Is it the man Balzac, endowed by his personal experience
with a philosophy of Woman? Is it the author Balzac, professing certain “literary”
ideas of femininity? Is it universal wisdom? or romantic psychology? It will always
be impossible to know, for the good reason that all writing is itself this special voice,
consisting of several indiscernible voices, and that literature is precisely the invention
of this voice, to which we cannot assign a specific origin: literature is that neuter, that
composite, that oblique into which every subject escapes, the trap where all identity is
lost, beginning with the very identity of the body that writes.
—
Probably this has always been the case: once an action is recounted, for intransitive