There was a revival, or Renaissance, of learning, partly as a result of the printing press, which ended the Church's monopoly of learning. Henry's son and heir, Henry VIII created the Royal Navy, which culminated with the sinking of the Spanish Armada in 1588. One of the leaders of the English navy was Sir Francis Drake, who was the first Englishman to sail around the world. The Royal Navy also enabled England to realize her imperialistic ambitions and defy the Pope and the Catholic powers of Europe. Henry used Parliament to establish himself as the head of the Protestant Church with the Act of Supremacy (1534). His Reformation led to the creation of the religiously distinct Anglican Church. The dissolution of the monasteries provided Henry with much needed wealth. The reign of Elizabeth I was called the Golden Age of English history, because it
CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev, his closest aides Anatoli Chernyayev and Andrei Grachov, writer and former dissident Alexandr Zinovyev, KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov, retired KGB General Vyacheslav Shironin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ryzhkov, the first government head of the Russian Federation Yegor Gaidar, prominent politicians and members of the Russian State Duma Dmitri Rogozin and Alexei Mitrofanov. The imperialistic nostalgia that has been rearing its head in Russia recently has made a substantial impact on political memoirs. Two contrasting opinions prevail as regards the debacle of the Soviet Union: (1) the downfall of the empire re- presented a natural course of events, and the Soviet Union ought to have been demolished long ago; and (2) the Soviet Union ought to have been preserved, which would have been indeed possible if the actions taken had displayed a greater degree of sensibility
After a careful survey of Church property Henry VIII closed 560 monasteries and took over their land and wealth. He sold much of their lands to the rising classes of landowners and merchants – to boost his popularity with them. England became politically a Protestant country, even though the religion was in fact still Catholic. Nevertheless, Henry made the Church in England truly English. It was Henry’s creation of the Royal Navy that enabled England to realize her imperialistic ambitions under Elizabeth. He had spent a lot of money on warships and guns, making English guns the best in Europe. The New Trading Nation Elizabeth I (1558–1603) was the first of three long-reigning queens in British history (the other two are Queen Victoria, 1837–1901, and Queen Elizabeth II, 60 succeeded in 1952). Her reign is considered by many as the Golden Age of English history, whose symbols were Francis Drake and William Shakespeare5.
Foreign Minister Zimmermann, who had long opposed the idea, fell in line. But this big jolly bachelor, the first to break the Junker barrier in the higher regions of the Kaiser's officialdom, perceived that the repeated sinkings of American vessels would sooner or later torpedo American neutrality, and he bethought himself of a scheme to counter this danger. He proposed a military alliance with Mexico, then particularly hostile to the imperialistic Norte-americanos as a result of Pershing's punitive expedition into Mexican territory. He sweetened the proposition with an offer of money and the possibility of support from Japan, standing at America's back, and with still more anti-Yankee inducements. Unable to deal through the Mexican ambassador, who was in Switzerland, Zimmermann sent his proposal to his minister in Mexico, Heinrich J. F. von Eckardt, by way of Washington. To ensure that it would get there, he routed
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