Heidegger, especially Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, developed their own versions of phenomenologically based existentialism. Continental Philosophy The term "continental philosophy" was the invention of analytic philosophers of the mid-20th century who wanted to distinguish themselves from the phenomenologists and existentialists of continental Europe. Over the last 50 years, the term has been extended to many other European movements, such as Hegelian idealism, Marxism, hermeneutics and, especially, post-structuralism and deconstruction. Academic Culture Clash Analytic philosophers accuse continental philosophers of sloppy, or even meaningless, thinking Continental philosophers accuse analytic philosophers of petty narrowness and detachment from real human concerns Analytic Philosophy Logical Positivism Rudolf Carnap Hans Reichenabch Karl Popper
9 Schiffer (1972: chapters 56) pursued a different method, employing Lewis' theory of conventions. Chapter 8 1 The foregoing examples are skeptical hypotheses of a kind that every philosophical tradition has taken seriously; the positivists had to work hard to argue that those "hypotheses" are meaningless even though the sentences look perfectly meaningful at first glance. The positivists had less patience and less trouble with the Hegelian idealism of the late nineteenth century, as in "The Absolute is perfect," and with Heideggerian existentialism, as in "The Nothing noths" ("Das Nichts nichtet"). I once received a brochure, advertising a newly published philosophy book. The brochure contained a bulleted list of the book's special features. And one of the bulleted items was: "Eleven new ways in which negation negates itself." I swear I am not making this up. 2 Of course, there are degrees of understanding
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