Russian philology
"high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time.
Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding
some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become
archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early
19th century, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov ( ), Nikolai Gogol
( ), Aleksander Griboyedov ( ), became proverbs or
sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.
The political upheavals of the early 20th century and the wholesale changes of political
ideology gave written Russian its modern appearance after the spelling reform of 1918.
Political circumstances and Soviet accomplishments in military, scientific and technological
matters (especially cosmonautics), gave Russian a worldwide prestige, especially during the
mid-20th century.