Roman Britain
Historical records beyond the initial invasion are sparse, although many Roman historians
mention the province in passing. Most of the knowledge of the period stems from
archaeological investigations and especially epigraphic evidence.
The invasion force in AD 43 was led by Aulus Plautius.It is not known how many Roman
legions were sent; only one legion, the II Augusta, commanded by the future emperor
Vespasian, is directly attested to have taken part. The IX Hispana,the XIV Gemina (later
styled Martia Victrix) and the XX are attested in 60/61 during the Boudican Revolt, and are
likely to have been there since the initial invasion. However, the Roman army was flexible,
with units being used and moved whenever necessary, so this is not certain. Only the
Legio IX Hispana is likely to have stayed there, as it is attested to being in residence at
Eburacum (York) in AD 71 and on a building inscription there dated AD 108, before its
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