Scotland. The main crops grown are wheat, barley, oilseed rape, sugar beet, potatoes and oats. There is also a significant horticultural industry producing a variety of vegetables, orchard and soft fruits, and bulbs and flowers. The high productivity of the arable sector has been achieved by the removal of hedgerows to create larger fields, by mechanization, and by the intensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides. As with the issue of animal treatment, these trends in arable agriculture have provoked public concern. Combined, these concerns have helped encourage the rapid growth of vegetarianism in Britain since the early 1980s and the expansion of organic farming, although this is still on a very small scale. However, partly in reaction to these concerns, and partly because of costs, the trend is now towards lower chemical use in farming.
microbial population balance, particularly of N2 fixing bacteria and thereby improve soil fertility. Liming of acid soils increases activity of bacteria and actinomycetes and lowers the fungal population. Fertilizers and manures applied to the soil for increased crop production, supply food and nutrition not only to the crops but also to microorganisms in soil and thereby proliferate the activity of microbes. Foliar or soil application of different chemicals (pesticides, fungicides, nematicides etc.) in agriculture are either degraded by the soil organisms or are liable to leave toxic residues in soil which are hazardous to cause profound reduction in the normal microbial activity in the soil. 2. Soil fertility: Fertility level of the soil has a great influence on the microbial population and their activity in soil. The availability of N, P and K required for plants as well as microbes in soil determines the fertility level of soil
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